[ 561 ] U.S. History GED ® TEST SOCIAL STUDIES FLASH REVIEW _____________ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • _____________ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • At the heart of the U.S. Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s was the use of nonviolent direct-action protest, including student sit-ins at lunch counters. Inspired by the example of Jesus, and the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi during India’s struggle for independence, black church and community leaders in the United States began advocating the use of nonviolence in their own struggle. Beyond spontaneous and planned student sit-ins, several organizations were formed to fight for civil rights using Gandhi’s model of nonviolent dissent and action. Three of the most influential groups—the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)—were pivotal in bringing about social change in America. Source: http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/februaryone/civilrights.html What is the main idea of this passage? a. The use of nonviolent direct-action protest was at the heart of the Civil Rights Movement. b. Nonviolent protest, as developed by Mahatma Gandhi, is a powerful instrument for gaining rights. c. Black church and community leaders supported the use of nonviolence in the struggle for Civil Rights. d. CORE, SCLC, and SNCC were civil rights organizations that provided leadership for the movement. The signers of the Mayflower Compact agreed to “covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick. . . . And by Virtue hereof do enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions, and Officers, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general Good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due Submission and Obedience. . . .” Which principal of American government was first implemented in the writing and signing of the Mayflower Compact? a. authority based on a written constitution b. system of checks and balances c. protection of individual freedoms d. guarantee of equal rights for all