[ 395 ] Geography and the World GED ® TEST SOCIAL STUDIES FLASH REVIEW _____________ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Read the passage and answer the following two questions. Mohandas Gandhi, also known as Mahatma Gandhi, developed a policy of passive resistance in his civil rights struggle for Indian immigrants in South Africa and later in the campaign for Indian independence from British rule. The writings of the Russian author Leo Tolstoy and the essay “Civil Disobedience” by nineteenth-century American Henry David Thoreau inspired Gandhi. Gandhi called acts of nonviolent resistance satyagraha, a Sanskrit term meaning “truth and firmness.” The Salt Satyagraha of 1930 exemplified his policy. In protest to the British government’s salt tax, Gandhi led tens of thousands of Indians on a 200-mile march to the Arabian Sea, where they made salt from evaporated sea water. Thousands, including Gandhi, were arrested. When the British conceded to his demands, Gandhi stopped the campaign. When he was released from prison in 1931, he traveled to London as a representative of the Indian National Congress to negotiate reform measures. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage? a. The Salt March of 1930 b. How to Lead an Effective Protest c. Gandhi’s Acts of Nonviolent Resistance d. Free India Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the passage? a. Gandhi’s nonviolent protests were effective political tools. b. The British did not respond to the Salt Satyagraha. c. Satyagraha means “truth and firmness” in Sanskrit. d. Gandhi refused to support the British government in World War II until it granted India its independence.